Exception Specification in C++

1#include <iostream>
2#include <stdexcept>
3using namespace std;
4
5// Function that may throw exceptions
6int divide(int a, int b) {
7    if (b == 0) {
8        throw runtime_error("Division by zero");
9    }
10    return a / b;
11}
12
13// Function that doesn't throw (noexcept)
14int add(int a, int b) noexcept {
15    return a + b;
16}
17
18// Function with exception specification (deprecated in C++11)
19void mayThrow() throw(runtime_error) {
20    throw runtime_error("This function may throw");
21}
22
23int main() {
24    // noexcept function - safe to call
25    cout << "Add (noexcept): " << add(5, 3) << endl;
26    
27    // Function that may throw - use try-catch
28    try {
29        cout << "Divide: " << divide(10, 2) << endl;
30        cout << "Divide by zero: " << divide(10, 0) << endl;
31    } catch (const runtime_error& e) {
32        cout << "Caught: " << e.what() << endl;
33    }
34    
35    // noexcept operator - check if function is noexcept
36    cout << "\nadd() is noexcept: " << noexcept(add(1, 2)) << endl;
37    cout << "divide() is noexcept: " << noexcept(divide(1, 2)) << endl;
38    
39    return 0;
40}