Error Propagation

// Method 1: Re-throw error
function level1() {
    try {
        level2();
    } catch (error) {
        console.error('Level 1 caught:', error.message);
        throw error; // Re-throw
    }
}

function level2() {
    try {
        level3();
    } catch (error) {
        console.error('Level 2 caught:', error.message);
        throw error; // Re-throw
    }
}

function level3() {
    throw new Error('Error from level 3');
}

try {
    level1();
} catch (error) {
    console.error('Final catch:', error.message);
}

// Method 2: Wrap error
function processData(data) {
    try {
        return JSON.parse(data);
    } catch (error) {
        throw new Error(`Failed to process data: ${error.message}`);
    }
}

try {
    processData('invalid');
} catch (error) {
    console.error('Wrapped error:', error.message);
}

// Method 3: Error chain
class ChainedError extends Error {
    constructor(message, cause) {
        super(message);
        this.cause = cause;
        this.name = 'ChainedError';
    }
}

function operation1() {
    try {
        operation2();
    } catch (error) {
        throw new ChainedError('Operation 1 failed', error);
    }
}

function operation2() {
    throw new Error('Operation 2 failed');
}

try {
    operation1();
} catch (error) {
    console.error('Chained error:', error.message);
    console.error('Caused by:', error.cause.message);
}

// Method 4: Error handling middleware
function errorHandler(error, context) {
    console.error('Error in', context, ':', error.message);
    // Log to service, send notification, etc.
}

function riskyOperation() {
    try {
        throw new Error('Operation failed');
    } catch (error) {
        errorHandler(error, 'riskyOperation');
        throw error;
    }
}