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1. Create Class & Object2. Instance vs Class Variables3. Constructors in Python Classes4. Single Inheritance5. Multiple Inheritance6. Multilevel Inheritance7. Polymorphism with Methods8. Method Overloading Simulation9. Encapsulation with Getters/Setters10. Abstraction with ABC11. Operator Overloading12. Custom Iterator13. Class Methods14. Static Methods15. Composition Example16. Aggregation Example17. Private Variables18. Magic Methods Overview19. Object Cloning20. Custom Exceptions21. Class Decorator22. Prototype Pattern23. Singleton Pattern24. MRO (Method Resolution Order) Demo25. Polymorphism (Duck Typing)

Object Cloning in Python

Clone objects using the copy module (shallow and deep copy).

IntermediateObject-Oriented ProgramsExample 19 of 25
object-cloning.py
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1# Program to demonstrate object cloning
2

3import copy
4

5class Node:
6    def __init__(self, value, next=None):
7        self.value = value
8        self.next = next
9

10n1 = Node(1, Node(2))
11shallow = copy.copy(n1)
12deep = copy.deepcopy(n1)
13

14print("Original next:", n1.next)
15print("Shallow next:", shallow.next)
16print("Deep next:", deep.next)

Output

Original next: <__main__.Node object at ...>
Shallow next: <__main__.Node object at ...>
Deep next: <__main__.Node object at ...>

What's going on

copy.copy shares nested objects, while copy.deepcopy clones the entire object graph.

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