Object-Oriented Programs

Define a simple class with attributes and methods, then create and use an object of that class.

Demonstrate the difference between instance variables and class variables.

Use the __init__ constructor to initialize new objects with default and custom values.

Show how a child class can inherit attributes and methods from a single parent class.

Demonstrate a class inheriting from more than one base class.

Illustrate inheritance across multiple levels of a class hierarchy.

Use polymorphism by defining the same method name in different classes.

Simulate method overloading using default arguments and *args.

Use properties to encapsulate attribute access with getter and setter logic.

Use the abc module to define abstract base classes and abstract methods.

Overload the + operator for a custom class using __add__.

Implement a class that can be iterated over using __iter__ and __next__.

Use @classmethod to create alternative constructors.

Use @staticmethod for utility methods that logically belong to the class but do not use self or cls.

Use composition by placing one object inside another to build complex behavior.

Demonstrate aggregation where an object is passed in and shared rather than owned.

Use name-mangling with double underscores to indicate private attributes.

Show common magic methods like __str__ and __len__.

Clone objects using the copy module (shallow and deep copy).

Define and raise custom exception classes in an OOP style.

Use a class as a decorator to wrap functions with additional behavior.

Implement a simple Prototype pattern by cloning existing objects.

Demonstrate a simple Singleton pattern implementation in Python.

Show how Python resolves methods in a multiple inheritance hierarchy using MRO.

Use duck typing to write functions that work with any object having the required method.